BIND (Berkely Internet Name Domain) is a popular software for translating domain names into IP addresses and usually found on Linux VPS & Linux Dedicated Server. This article will explain the basic concepts of DNS BIND and analyse the associated files required to successfully setup your own DNS BIND server. After reading this article, you will be able to successfully install and setup a Linux BIND DNS server for your network.
INSTALL BIND
apt-get install bind9Once done you’ll see a message saying:
* Starting domain name service... bind9 [OK]
BASIC BIND CONFIGURATION
So you have installed BIND9 on your server. It is time to show you a basic configuration how to setup your domain to resolve to your server. Here’s what I did. Type following command then hit Enter on your keyboard:nano /etc/bind/named.conf.localNano editor screen will appear. Copy-paste command below into your favorite text editor like Notepad, Notepad2 or Notepad++:
zone "domain.com" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/zones/domain.com.db";
};
zone "3.2.1.in-addr.arpa" {
type master;
file "/etc/bind/zones/rev.3.2.1.in-addr.arpa";
};
Again, in any command in this page you’ll need to replace “domain.com” with your own domain name and corresponding TLD. E.g: 1gbits.com. Also, you have to replace xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx with IP address of your server. Once you’ve done editing necessary values, you can paste it to Nano editor screen. You can also simply type command syntax above to Nano editor screen while replacing necessary value during your typing. Now hit Control+O on your keyboard to save the file then hit Control+X to exit Nano editor. Then go to bind directory to make things easier. Type this command:
cd /etc/bindCreate new directory called “zones” inside it.. Use this command:
mkdir zonesNow go enter that directory as well..
cd zonesThen create new file called “
nano domain.com.db“. Type this command:
nano domain.com.dbof course at this part you’ll also need to replace “domain.com” with your own domain name. Example:
nano 1gbits.com.dbThat command brings Nano editor screen up once again. Next, you can either copy these syntax to Notepad first then edit it or simply type it in Nano editor directly:
; BIND data file for domain.com ; $TTL 14400 @ IN SOA ns1.domain.com. host.domain.com. ( 201006601 ; Serial 7200 ; Refresh 120 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800) ; Default TTL ; domain.com. IN NS ns1.domain.com. domain.com. IN NS ns2.domain.com. domain.com. IN MX 10 mail.domain.com. domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ns1 IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ns2 IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx www IN CNAME domain.com. mail IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ftp IN CNAME domain.com. domain.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx a mx ~all" mail IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all"Here’s an example of mine:
; BIND data file for 1gbits.com ; $TTL 14400 @ IN SOA ns1.1gbits.com. host.1gbits.com. ( 201006601 ; Serial 7200 ; Refresh 120 ; Retry 2419200 ; Expire 604800) ; Default TTL ; 1gbits.com. IN NS ns1.1gbits.com. 1gbits.com. IN NS ns2.1gbits.com. 1gbits.com. IN MX 10 mail.1gbits.com. 1gbits.com. IN A 141.0.170.144 ns1 IN A 141.0.170.144 ns2 IN A 141.0.170.145 www IN CNAME 1gbits.com. mail IN A 141.0.170.144 ftp IN CNAME 1gbits.com. 1gbits.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 ip4:141.0.170.144 a mx ~all" mail IN TXT "v=spf1 a -all"If you have two IPs, you can replace “ns2 IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx” with your second IP address. Otherwise simply use the same IP. Once done editing, hit Control+O to save that file then hit Control+X to exit Nano editor. Next step, it’s time to define reverse DNS lookup. Sounds not so familiar? Don’t worry simply repeat my steps. Type this command syntax:
nano /etc/bind/zones/rev.3.2.1.in-addr.arpaThat will open Nano editor screen again but this time you will edit another file. Add following lines inside that file..
@ IN SOA domain.com. host.domain.com. ( 2010081401; 28800; 604800; 604800; 86400 ); IN NS ns1.domain.com. 4 IN PTR domain.com.Replace “host.domain.com” with your own server’s host name. Once done, press Control+O to save followed by Control+X to exit. Example:
@ IN SOA 1gbits.com. host.1gbits.com. ( 2010081401; 28800; 604800; 604800; 86400 ); IN NS ns1.1gbits.com. 4 IN PTR 1gbits.com.That’s not done yet. There is another file you have to edit. Run this command:
nano /etc/resolv.confNow add following line at very top of any lines you see there:
search domain.comOnce done, press Control+O to save followed by Control+X to exit. That is it. But to make sure that Bind9 can apply all recent changes above, you better restart Bind9 service using this command:
/etc/init.d/bind9 restart
TEST YOUR DNS
In this case lets install additional tool called “DNS Utility”. Here’s how to install it:
apt-get install dnsutils
Once the install process finished, type following command:
dig domain.com
If everything is set correctly you’ll see something like this one below. ;
<<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.47.rc1.el6_8.2 <<>> 1gbits.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 29677 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;1gbits.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: 1gbits.com. 289 IN A xx.xx.xx.xx 1gbits.com. 289 IN A xx.xx.xx.xx ;; Query time: 60 msec ;; SERVER: 46.21.152.67#53(46.21.152.67) ;; WHEN: Wed Nov 2 05:43:46 2016 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 60
Bernadette
2020 Nov 19, 20:11:21
Hi there, everything is going nicely here and ofcourse every one is sharing facts, that's really excellent, keep up writing.